You've not mentioned what the original version of Moodle was. Can go to 2.4.+ only from a 2.3.x. Check the old code directory files version.php file to see what you had.
Might be best to 'git' the code for the same version you were running - even if that which is in 'git' is slightly newer it results in an upgrade within the series. Recommended before moving upwards anyway. Move first ... get up and running. Then look at upgrading to next highest version.
Make sure you save the originial config.php file some place safe during your migrations. That has the original unique password salt.
When restoring a site, the information in the DB and the contents of the moodledata directory must match ... new file system.
Think I'd 'start over' in your case. ;)
'spirit of sharing', Ken