Good to hear you have a backup via command line.
Am willing to bet, you could designate a directory if you took enough time to find out. ;)
When you first login via ssh, do a 'pwd' command.
That shows your location ... a path. Might be like:
/home/customername/
You might then be able to use something like:
php backup.php --courseid=2 --destination=/home/customername/
Name of the backup file can be seen then ....
example: backup-moodle2-course-1-37-20191111-0158.mbz
as well as it's size ... like:
ls -l /home/customername/backup-moodle2-course-1-37-20191111-0158.mbz
How about some simple CLI commands to find info about server?
ssh into server.
Issue:
uname -an [ENTER]
See if you have access to 'top' ... whereis top [ENTER]
If that command shows a path like /usr/bin/top then issue
top [ENTER]
Copy and paste to a text file on your workstation the 'stuff' at the top of top output ... which is realtime info.
Shows memory usage.
Press q to quit top.
Diskspace ...
df -h
You didn't sign a NDA with provider did ya? So where is server hosted? With what provider?
'SoS', Ken